What are the definitions of marketing and marketing research?

The following definitions were approved by the American Marketing Association Board of Directors and are included in the Dictionary of Marketing Terms, 2d edition, edited by Peter D. Bennett, published by the American Marketing Association, c1995. The definition of marketing first appeared in Marketing News, March 1, 1985.

Definition of Marketing: Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.

Definition of Marketing Research: Marketing research is the function that links the consumer, customer, and public to the marketer through information--information used to identify and define marketing opportunities and problems; generate, refine, and evaluate marketing actions; monitor marketing performance; and improve understanding of marketing as a process. Marketing research specifies the information required to address these issues, designs the method for collecting information, manages and implements the data collection process, analyzes the results, and communicates the findings and their implications.